23rd Parliamentary Intelligence-Security Forum – Rare Earth Minerals

Mr. Carl Delfeld elucidated the critical role of rare earth elements and rare metals in contemporary technological advancements, encompassing smartphones, semiconductors, satellites, electric vehicles, and sophisticated weaponry systems such as the F-35 Lightning II. Despite the existence of 17 rare earth elements, only a select few are indispensable for the production of high-performance magnets utilized in engines and electronic devices. Delfeld highlighted the United States’ historical dominance in rare-earth production, primarily through the Mountain Pass Mine. However, China has emerged as the leading producer, accounting for approximately 80% of the global supply, following decades of strategic investment in mining, processing, and manufacturing. Delfeld cautioned that the rare-earth market is characterized by its limited size and vulnerability, yet it holds paramount significance for defense systems and clean technologies, rendering supply security a pivotal geopolitical concern. He underscored the imperative for the United States and its allies to reconstruct supply chains, enhance refining capabilities, and invest in alternative sources such as Lynas Rare Earths.

Dennis Barto delved into the broader geopolitical competition over mineral resources, with a particular focus on Africa. Drawing upon his extensive experience at the United States Department of Defense and INTERPOL, Barto posited that control over mining and processing constitutes a fundamental aspect of global power competition. He observed that numerous mineral-rich African nations prioritize trade and investment over aid, yet Western influence has waned while China has expanded its dominance in supply chains since the 1980s. Barto emphasized that the establishment of new mines within the United States entails a significantly longer timeframe compared to countries such as Canada or Australia, thereby diminishing competitiveness. He concluded that democratic nations must support mining projects, fortify partnerships with allies, and augment strategic influence to counterbalance Chinese dominance in critical mineral resources.